A freight forwarding company is an independent entity that organizes cargo transportation and provides associated financial support

Freight forwarding activity involves assisting importers and exporters in transporting their cargo, encompassing handling transportation from the point of loading, occasional warehousing, packaging, and distribution. This also involves further transportation to the destination, dealing with customs, insurance, and financial matters

Cargo refers to any type of baggage or goods that can be transported using suitable means

Hazardous cargo(ADR)  is considered 'dangerous goods' and encompasses substances or materials that pose some type of risk as posing a threat to human health, the environment, or property (in this case, vehicles). Hazardous cargoes can include chemicals, radioactive materials, biological agents, pyrotechnics, and infectious substances. Their transportation is strictly regulated at the international level.

Perishable cargo refers to products or goods with a specified shelf life that necessitates precise adherence to transportation timelines. (Such as fruits, flowers, and vegetables) Transporting such cargo often requires specialized storage conditions and the use of specific transportation methods, including maintaining temperature, humidity, and sanitary norms.

Oversized cargo refers to goods that, due to their dimensions, weight, or shape, cannot fit within standard transportation and storage regulations. Transporting such cargo demands an individualized approach, including calculation and specialized equipment, to accommodate its unique characteristics.

General cargo in logistics refers to mixed goods not packaged in specialized containers. This may include items packed in boxes, barrels, sacks, or other non-standard packaging.

Consolidation of shipments is a logical process where several smaller shipments are combined into one larger shipment, thereby saving transportation costs and improving the efficiency of transportation.

Multimodal transportation is a type of logistics where cargo is transferred from the sender to the receiver using various modes of transportation. In multimodal transportation, the cargo undergoes several stages of transport, each of which might be carried out using different means of transport.

A shipper is an individual, company, or organization responsible for sending cargo from one place to another. They are the starting point of the logistics chain and are in charge of preparing and handing over the cargo to the carrier.

A consignee is an individual, company, or organization that serves as the final recipient of the cargo. They represent the endpoint of the supply chain and are responsible for receiving the cargo from the carrier.

Demurrage refers to the fee or penalty that the payer must settle for the delay of a vehicle, container, or other transport vehicle after a specified time has elapsed.

A pallet is a flat platform primarily made of wood used for sorting, storing, and transporting goods. They facilitate cargo movement, optimize space, and ensure safe transportation.

Carnet is an international document used for the temporary import or export of goods into different countries without payment of customs duties and taxes.

Certificate of Origin is a document confirming the country from which goods or cargo originate. It holds significant importance in international trade as it aids in determining customs duties, fees, and quotas that may apply to imported goods.

Force majeure circumstances are situations or conditions that make it impossible or extremely difficult to perform necessary logistics services.

A container is a steel or aluminum unit used for the convenient and secure transportation of various types and sizes of cargo.  

Logistics is the process of moving, managing, and coordinating cargo from the point of origin to the final consumer with minimal costs and maximum customer satisfaction.

The terminal fee is a mandatory tax. It refers to charges paid by ship or cargo owners at ports for utilizing the services and infrastructure of port facilities.

LCL (Less than Container Load) - This term in maritime logistics refers to shipping cargo that doesn't occupy the entire container but only utilizes a portion of its space.

FCL (Full Container Load) - This term in maritime logistics signifies the complete loading of a container by one shipper's cargo or cargo from a single shipper.

Air Waybill (AWB) is a document utilized in international air freight transport. This document is issued by the airline or its agent and serves as both the cargo's ticket and final confirmation of delivery. It's important to note that the AWB isn't a document of title to the goods (unlike a bill of lading); rather, it functions as a control and informational document.

Its primary functions include:

Cargo Identification: The AWB contains details about the cargo, the shipper, the consignee, and the airline. This aids in identifying the cargo and linking it to a specific sender and receiver.

Cargo Tracking: AWB enables tracking the location and condition of the cargo during transportation.

Proof of Delivery: Upon reaching the destination, AWB serves as evidence that the cargo was delivered to the airline and handed over to the consignee.    

This document is a pivotal element in the air transport process, ensuring reliability and transparency in international logistics.

1) The Master Air Waybill, also known as MAWB, is a crucial document issued by airlines or their agents. It is mainly used for organizing cargo transportation between countries or continents. The MAWB provides essential information about the air carrier, the general terms and conditions of carriage, and overall cargo details.

2) House Air Waybill¹ (HAWB) – Purpose: The HAWB is an additional document used when there's a need to separate or advance cargo being transported under a single MAWB. It contains specific details of the cargo, consignor, consignee, and terms of carriage. The HAWB enables an airline to distribute cargo among different destinations or consignees.

¹ The right to sign an internal air waybill is held only by those freight forwarding companies that are members of the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (known as FIATA).

A Bill of Lading (BL) is a document primarily used in maritime transportation, serving as the primary contract between the shipper and the carrier (for instance, a shipping company). It includes information about the cargo, delivery terms, as well as the rights and responsibilities of the involved parties.

The Master Bill of Lading (MBL) is a crucial document in international maritime trade, serving as the primary contract between the carrier and the shipper. The House Bill of Lading (HBL) serves as an additional document to the Master Bill of Lading (MBL) issued by the shipping company, used for the registration and tracking of cargo transportation in international logistics primary contract between the carrier and the shipper. Only those transportation and freight forwarding companies that are members of the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (FIATA) have the right to sign the internal maritime consumption.